Crushing of lightly cemented materials

Lightly cemented materials may crush from the top due to excessive compressive stresses or strains. The damage due to crushing is calculated from:

where MN is the number of load repetitions in millions,

 resp is the response (vertical stress or strain on top of layer),

 respref is a reference response (can be related to strength),

 E is the modulus of the material (adjusted for climate and damage),

 Eref is a reference modulus, and

 A, a, b and g are constants.